Hello Squire, new to the forum and rootling around just found this very interesting thread. I've spent my working life in process plant engineering, piping, pressure vessels etc so would suggest if above is pressure bearing something like a 30 degree taper would be best. The wall thickness on hemispherical pressure vessel heads is half the cylinder thickness and the transition is always tapered through the tangent.
You seem fully clued up on materials and something that has me puzzled is why no one seems to be working with super duplex stainless steels. I first used these for a 400bar working pressure CO2 system. 316 TI tube was close to the knuckle so super duplex it was.
Give or take the same density as the 300 series SS but double the proof and yeild strength.
Listening to the cricket I've occupied myself with the following rough and ready calculation:
View attachment 998476
Super duplex wins out here for fixed volume/OD/pressure. 7076 alloy would shift towards that for lightness but length is going to be higher, ditto higher strength titanium grades. I've not worked with these so don't have a feeling for the allowable stresses in piping or pressure vessel codes.
Not a big fan of aluminium because of work hardening and cracking, though an air receiver isn't really anywhere near a fatigue life limit.
Anyway, carry on with the good work and interesting thread. Looking forward to see the build complete.